Some notes on eastern Turki (New Uighur) munazara literature

SCRIPTA MINORA
REGIAE SOCIETATIS HUMANIORUM LITTERARUM LUNDENSIS
Studier utgivna av Kung]. Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet i Lund
1980-1981:2

Gunnar Jarring

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI
(NEW UIGHUR) MUNAZARA
LITERATURE

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Studier utgivna av Kung]. Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet i Lund
1980-1981:2

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI
(NEW UIGHUR) MUNAZARA
LITERATURE

By GUNNAR JARRING

CWK GLEERUP

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ISBN 91-40-04797-0
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Contents

. The Munazara Genre in Turkic literature ....................4..
. Two Munazara Specimens from Kashghar .....................
. A. The Conversation between the Horse and the Camel. .........

Text. Translation. Notes. ............. 0 ccc cece cece eee eens
. B. A Fragment of the Same Munazara. ............0.. 0000 e cues

Text. Translation. Notes. ........ 0... ccc cee eens
. Additional Notes on ‘‘The Contest of the Fruits’’ (Lund 1936). ....
* CNOSSANY ~ obs Uber e eee hoes knee eee Rot ee eae
. List of References and Abbreviations. .................00 ee euee
: PacsimileOl- POXtA: ax 62 s'o ie RASH ea eee Rew

The Munazara Genre in Turkic Literature

The history of New Uighur (Eastern Turki) literature is practically unwrit-
ten, i.e. if we define it as the literature of the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous
region of the Chinese People’s Republic (Xinjiang Uygur zizhiqu or, in
Uighur, Xinjiang Uygur aptonom rayoni). For the period after 1950 we have
at our disposal only Benzing’s’ article on the modern Uighur literature and
Annemarie von Gabain’s~ recent article on the same subject. But both of
them deal mainly with the literature of the Uighur minority living in the
Soviet Union and only casually with that of the Uighurs of Sinkiang, i.e. the
majority. As to the literature of the period before 1950, i.e. the Islamic
period of Eastern Turki literature we also have only scanty information,
usually comprised in treatises on the Chaghatai literature of Central asia?
or, in one case, strictly confined to the southern parts of Sinkiang in my
‘‘Literary Texts from Kashghar’’.* It has however to be admitted that the
distinction between what is genuine New Uighur literature of the Islamic
period of Sinkiang and Chaghatai literature is not easy to establish. I have
elsewhere underlined the importance of the lithographed editions from
Russian Turkestan, especially those of Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara
for the literary life of Southern Sinkiang for a period ending approximately
with the first world war.> They were widely read and no doubt accepted as
common Chaghatai heritage among the Uighurs of Sinkiang. But what has to
be considered as genuinely New Uighur literature in the pre-1950 period has
yet to be explored and defined.

In 1930 I published a specimen of Eastern Turki literature, a munazara,
which I then felt — with some hesitation — could be a genuine Kashghar
production.® I have had no reason to change this guarded opinion of mine. I
now add a new specimen of Southern Sinkiang literary production, a muna-
zara bearing the title at birle tiveni s6zleskeni ‘‘The Conversation between
the Horse and the Camel’’. But first a few words about the munazara-genre
in Turkic literature.

' BENZING, J., Die usbekische und neu-uigurische Literatur. (Fundamenta, 2, pp. 700-720).

2 Gasaln, A. v., Neu-uigurische Literatur. (Turcica, 12, pp. 156-160).

* Tocan, Z. V., Zentralasiatische tiirkische Literaturen. II. (Handbuch der Onentalistik. Abt.
1. Bd 5. Abschnitt 1, pp. 229-249); ECKMANN, J., Die tschaghataische Literatur. (Fundamenta,
2, pp. 304-402); BROCKELMANN, C.. Osttiirkische Grammatik, pp. 1-22.

“ Lund 1980.

> Literary Texts from Kashghar, pp. 9-10.

6 The Contest of the Fruits. An Eastern Turki Allegory. Lund 1930.

6 GUNNAR JARRING

The munazara-form of poetry is well-known in Arabic and Persian litera-
ture and existed already in Akkadian and Sumerian literature.’ The earliest
specimen of a munazara from the Turkic area is to be found in Mahmud
al-Kashghari’s Divan, entitled ‘‘The Contest Between Winter and
Summer’ (jaj gis munazaresi).

The best and most detailed treatise of the munazara-poetry of a Turk
people is that of Rustamov in his book *‘The Uzbek Poetry in the first half of
the 15th century’’.? He devotes a whole chapter (pp. 201-239) to the muna-
zaras of Uzbek poets earlier than Navai with important references to the
existing literature and comparative notes. Special consideration is given to
the three munazaras of Ahmadi ‘‘The Dispute Between the Musical
Instruments’’,!° Amiri’s ‘‘The Dispute Between Hashish and Wine”’ and of
Yakini’s ‘‘The Dispute Between Arrow and Bow’’. They all belong to the
first half of the 1Sth century. A year before the publication of Rustamov’s
treatise Fahir Iz had published the whole text and a translation of Yakini’s
munazara, a fact evidently unknown to Rustamov.!! Later also Amiri’s
munazara ‘‘The Dispute Between Hashish and Wine’”’ has been dealt with
by another Turkish scholar Géniil Alpay.!?

In this connection reference ought to be made also to Mir Ali Shir
Nava’i’s ‘‘The Contest of the Two Languages’’ (Muhakamatu ’!-lughatayn)
in which he endeavours to prove that Turkish is no less suitable than Persian
for poetical works and intellectual purposes.'? It is however no real muna-
zara but from the point of view of contents akin to it. Furthermore a
manuscript in the Tashkent collection called ,v%5 +! co ‘‘Tea and Opium’”’
might be a munazara — but I have not been able to see and read the
manuscript. It is said to be an imitation of Fuzuli’s poem ‘‘Hashish and
Wine’’.'*

7 cf. Lexikon der Islamischen Welt, art. Rangstreitdichtung; WAGNER, E., Die arabische
Rangstreitdichtung und ihre Einordnung in die allgemeine Literaturgeschichte. 1962; BOMBACI
in Fundamenta, 2. p. LX1; RypkA, J., History of Iranian Literature, pp. 97-98; BOLDYREV, A.
N., Otrazenie drevnikh kul'turnykh tradicij v klassi¢eskoj literature Irana, p. 254; a popular
form of munazara ‘‘The Contest between a Gardener and a Shepherd” in CHODZKO, Specimens
of the Popular Poetry of Persia, pp. 407-409.

8 edited by I. V. STEBLEVA in her paper Razvitie tyjurkskikh poetiteskikh form v XI veke, pp.
195-207, cf. further STEBLEVA, Poetika drevnetjurkskoj literatury, pp. 211-213; also Rusta-
Mov, Uzbekskaja poezija, p. 203.

° RusTAMov, Uzbekskaja poezija v pervoj polovine XV veka. 1963.

'9 cf. also ECKMANN in Fundamenta. 2, pp. 323-324 with further references to the existing
literature.

''1z, Yakini’s ‘‘Contest of the Arrow and the Bow’’. (Németh armagani 1962); cf. also
ECKMANN in Fundamenta, 2, pp. 321-323; HOFMAN, Turkish Literature. Section III. Part I.
Vol. 4, pp. 101-103.

"2 Acpay, Yusuf Emiri’nin Beng i Cagir Adh Miinazarasi ... 1972; cf. also ECKMANN, in
Fundamenta 2, pp. 320-321; HOFMAN, op. cit., Vol. 1, pp. 96-97.

'’ MANSUROGLU, Turkish Literature through the Ages, pp. 87-88; Istorija literatur narodov

Srednej Azii i Kazakhstana, p. 135.
'4 Sobranie vostoénykh rukopisej Akademii nauk Uzbekskoj SSR. T. 7, p. 110, No. 5131.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 7

It is interesting to note that a munazara of the classical type has been the
object of imitation in modern Uzbek literature.

This is the case with a poem ‘‘Which Fruit is Better’’ by Hamza Hakim-
zadeh Niazi (1889-1929), said to be the founder of Soviet Uzbek literature. '°
The title of this poem certainly leads one’s thoughts to the Eastern Turki
munazara ‘‘The Contest of the Fruits’’, published by me in 1936.'® I have
however not been able to procure a copy of Niazi’s poem and have therefore
not had the possibility of comparison. The apricot is the only fruit which
appears in both versions, otherwise with Niazi only the ghilas (a special kind
of cherry) and the cherry against 14 different fruits in my Kashghar-version
which makes it unlikely that they are closely related.

As to the munazara-genre in Ottoman and new Turkish literature I con-
tent myself with a few references to Gibb’s standard work on Ottoman
Turkish literature. Among the poets mentioned by him are Lami’i with his
Munazara-i Behar u Shita,'’ ‘‘The Contention of Spring and Autumn’’, and
his ‘‘Contention of Spring and Winter’’.'® Furthermore Nev’i wrote a ‘‘Con-
tention Between the Parrot and the Crow’’.'? A Turkish-Armenian muna-
zara On marriage was published by Littmann.”° Although it only can be
styled a munazara with regard to content I feel that attention should also be
drawn to the tale ‘The Contest of the Stimulants’’ published by Kissling.”!

The notes I have given above on munazaras in the Turkic literature field
do not claim to be complete. They are to be considered stray notes. The
munazara-genre is no doubt also represented within other Turkic linguistic
areas. Examples can be found in e.g. Halén’s Handbook of Oriental Collec-
tions in Finland,?* where he notes a Kazan-Tatar and a Bashkir munazara.
A monograph on Turkic munazara-literature would no doubt bring interest-
ing matters to light.

5 Uzbek Poetry. 1958, pp. 54-57; p. 53 biographical information on Niazi.

'6 of. p. 18.

7 Gisp, History of Ottoman Poetry, 3, p. 21; BOMBACI, Storia della letteratura turca, p. 316; cf.
further Ottoman Literature, pp. 72-75 and HAMMER-PURGSTALL, Geschichte der osmanischen
Dichtkunst, 2, pp. 20-195.

'8 cf. Edward G. BROWNE’s remarks on Lami‘i and this munazara in Gis, History, 3. pp.
353-365.

'? Gias, op. cit., 3, p. 137, ni.

20 LITTMANN, E., Ein tiirkisches Streitgedicht iiber die Ehe. 1922.

2’ KissLinG, H. J..Der Wettstreit der Genussgifte. Bemerkungen zu einem tiirkischen Kunst-
marchen. 1971.

22 HALEN, Handbook. pp. 179, 213.

Two Munazara Specimens from Kashghar

The present munazara ‘‘The Conversation of the Horse and the Camel” is
No. 74 in a collection of texts of ethnological, folkloristic and literary
interest written down by one Muhammed Ali Damollah! of Kashghar in the
first decade of this century. The task of writing these essays numbering 83 in
all was assigned to Muhammad Ali by Gustaf Raquette, in those days active
in Kashghar as a missionary-surgeon. They were intended to be excerpted
for his vocabulary of Eastern Turki,” although they evidently came to little
use in its final compilation.

According to a letter to me from Raquette’s wife, Hanna Raquette, dated
November 20th, 1961 Muhammed Ali Damollah was a language teacher
employed both by the British Consulate General in Kashghar and by the
Swedish Mission there, in the latter case also as an adviser on literary
matters and style questions in the Eastern Turki publications of the Mission.
He was probably born around 1850 and thus about 50-60 years of age when
he wrote down his collection of essays.

The texts of the collection are written on yellowish sheets 35 x 22 mm, in
size. The paper which originally was unlined has been supplied with pencil-
drawn lines in order to maintain straight lines of writing. The paper is of
Russian origin, some sheets bearing the imprint ‘‘No. 5 Jlechaa Bymara”’
with an imperial crown between. As indicated in the imprint the paper is a
wood paper, no doubt of inferior quality.

A fragment of the munazara of the horse and camel is to be found in a
collection of Eastern Turki texts made by the Rev. Sigfrid Moen? which he
kindly put at my disposal. This fragment is entitled ‘‘The Verse which the
Camel Recited”’ (tiganiy ogoyan bejti) but deals with the poetical perfor-
mance of both the camel and the horse. The text was written down by Moen
from a Khotan Turk, Nur Luke. There are a few words in the text, which
belong to the Khotan dialect, viz. tiga for ‘‘camel’’ against the Kashghar

' da<Chinese ‘‘great, grand’’, da-mollah title for a very learned and experienced Mollah; cf. J
80 da:molla; Raquette on the cover of his collection of texts calls Muhammad Ali dodmollah
which would mean ‘'prayer-mollah’’. Phonetically this is possible as dua:~ doa: often is
contracted to da: (cf. J 89 dua: ~ dua ~ daa:) but all other evidence points to the Chinese origin
Zohra”’ (cf. JARRING, Worterverzeichnis zu G. RAQUETTES Ausgabe von Taji bila Zohra, p. 7).
? RAQUETTE, Eastern Turki Grammar. P. 3= Vocabulary. For biographichal notes on Raquette
v. JARRING, Gustaf Raquette and Qasim Akhun's Letters to Kamil Efendi, p. 5, n.l.

3 for MOEN, cf. JARRING, Wérterverzeichnis, p. 7.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 9

forms tége ~ téve ~ tive and lota ‘‘thigh’’ against Kashgharian jota ~ d3ota.
Otherwise the language of the two versions A and B is the normal Eastern
Turki literary language.

The vocabulary of the two versions is not as dominated by Arabic and
Persian loan-words as would be expected in a poetical production of this
kind. It may indicate that it is a genuine Eastern Turki piece of work and not
an adaptation of a Persian original. Also the choice of words of Turki origin
belongs to the ordinary daily life of a people concerned with the trade and
possession of horses and camels and often lacks points of contact with the
more high-styled literary language. This also may point to its being a
genuine Eastern Turki creation.

The text of version A was read by me with two well educated teachers of
the Kashghar Pedagogical Institute during my visit there in October 1978. I
was struck by the fact that many words contained in the text were unknown
to them. I take this as an indication that the knowledge of the literary
language which we call Chaghatai is slowly disappearing, being replaced by
a new literary language, less influenced by Islamic Arabic and Persian word
material.

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A. The Conversation between the Horse and the Camel

. at birle tivenin s6zleSkeni

. bir kuni hezreti suleyma:ni

. jiyilip dzemi boldi bar¢e hejva:nni

. ol kuni boldi bir edga:ip dzen

. S6zlesip turfeha:ji renaren

. toge dedi ej at kuni qaq

. bu kan mennin Sa:ne Sefketimge baq

. her qaéan ¢éon turur men sendin

. jugari olturmaqin ne hedd mendin

. ferq gilmas senni pa:diSa:hi quvvet

. atqucéi ja pateci veja: turye

. her kisi urseler ucanye tajaq

. Caparsen ru:m ile $a:m ve ira:q

. senni minedur qojéiler bilen elgek¢i-

. her qademde uredur uCanye on qam¢ci
. qeriyande senni ehl baqmajdur

. bir minip baqqaj dep bir nemesini ucanye jaqmajdur
. igerinni judup jurursen iger¢i mu edin

. ol nemen qapqara dur kOmuréi mu edin
. SOretin dur veli mesli iSek

. kOSemejdursen koSende ba:r dur Sek

. qeriyande aledur senni abda:!

. kop d3efa: bilen uéanye uradur dumba:|
. xurdzin artip minedur senni qelenderler
. juryulap manmagipni yit'aj derler

. bedikler baqzdur tiSinni ecip

. almesz jurursen jotanye Cicip

. toge qildi 6zini kop tzri:p

. basqzlerdin 6zini ajirip

. men dur men bu dgeha:nde bir Sa:hi

. biqusu:r ve Cirajliq ve ma:zhi

. kuéum ba:r dur rustem da:sta:ndek

. taqquturuqum sa:m ve nari:ma:ndek

. bir atim tive dur jene birt uStur

. SOhretim xzlq ara emes mestu:r

. xoS Cirajliq dur mennin menis turusSum
. jakundtp olturup daka:n qurusum

38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49,
50.
51.
52;
53.
54.
55;
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
Te,
TD:
74,
75.
76.
77.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 11

mest bolsam belimni mukéeitip

yezel oqujmen k6zlerimni ¢ekcejtip
qiz dzuva:nlzr mana neza:re qilur
menin ucun jiylap jurekini sed pa:re qilur
nur Olesturgende men tola alyan
bartelerye kelmej hang baqip qalyan
emdi tuge qildi tzri:p etip

ndbeti keldi emdi atyz jetip

at dedi ki emdi s6zemni gilaj

jene mu s6zen qgaldi mu aplaj

teri:p ettin 6z6nni dokke manlaj

mane emdi teri:p etip 6z6m daplaj
bihaja: sen gara jz yuda: uryan
tenrinin dismeni lebi ¢a:k uryan

jeiSin pican veja: jantaq

topraqin yxitaj veja: qalmaq
¢a:veda:rler senni otanyez salur
manmasap paltu birle jotanyz salur
jOtelejdur senni Caruq bayide
vaqirajsen jene urer Cayide

sende kué ba:r za] birle da:ni§ joq
qorsaginde ba:r dur on alte zembel poq
ussayandz qetip qalur majaqin

kunde bar dur sana jigerme beS tajaqin
ka:d3liqindin sijersen arqanye

qaldi mira:s senin bala barqanyz

tenri tz:ala senni ma:| dep jar'atqan em'es
bedmuqa:m dur dep sifet qilyan em'es
k6éelerde senni balalzr qoylar

yada birlen Coqalerinye urup onplar

juk gojarler ucanye besi iyir

kop muSeqqeatler bilen qilurler jiyir
tenri tea:la bizlerni 2ziz jar'atqan dur
pa:disa:h beglerge tar'atqan dur
jaratiptur tohfe gilindi pa:disa:hlarye
bermedi feeqir miskin geda:leryze
aryumagq kelse eger bu dija:rlarye

kim jeter qaderi qimet baha:lerye
murteza:yz bolup edim duldul

merkeb ara dur men yuncée ma:nand gul

_
No

GUNNAR JARRING

. The Conversation Between the Horse and the Camel.

. One day the holy Solomon!

. got together all the animals who assembled.

. On that day there was a wonderful dispute,

and they conversed with each other about all kinds of wonderful things.”
The camel said, ‘‘Oh, horse. Luckless one!?

Today look upon my rich splendour!*

I am always bigger than you.

Even with a rider (on your back) what is your size compared to mine?
No difference (distinction) do they make to you — royal power,

. cotton-workers> or shepherds or officials.°

. When people’ beat your back with (their) sticks

. you bolt to Constantinople and Damascus and Iraq.

. Shepherds and sieve-makers® ride you.

. For every step (you take) they beat (give) your back ten lashes.”

. When you get old people do not care for you.

. When they say ‘“‘I will try to ride you once’’ there is nothing that is
agreable to your back.

CON DAARwWNS

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SYDHN Ph WN — ©

' sulejma:ni for sitlejma:n — i rhyming with hejva:nni; Solomon is believed to have been able to
understand the language of the animals, cf. e.g. The Tales of the Prophets of al-Kisa’i, transl.
by W. M. THACKSTON, p. 294.

? turfe A. STEINGASS 813 turfat, turfa ... anything new and agreable, wonderful, rare.

3 kiuni qaq is a strange expression. gag normally means ‘‘dry”’ or ‘‘dried fruit’’, cf. J 238; here it
is synonymous with gqijin ‘‘difficult’’, which would give ‘‘on a difficult day’’. I have chosen the
free translation ‘‘luckless one’’ for ‘‘dark, gloomy day’’; it could possibly be read kdni gaq
“dry leather’’, cf. J 177 kon.

* Sa:ne Sefket — Sa:ne probably from A. sha'n dignity, power etc. (STEINGASS 725); cf. JARRING,
Worterverzeichnis, p. 53 Sa’n and the Kashgharian expression Sen Sevket pomp and splendour.
5 atqué¢i < at- to beat, to strike; a worker who is engaged in cleaning cotton with the help of an
atqué J 29 an instrument in the form of an iron string, fastened to a piece of wood, a cotton-flail.
© tury@ is probably J 316 ture title for a Russian, as opposed to sahib for a Western European,
here in a more original meaning ‘‘highranking official’’, cf. NADsip 313 tdre someone of
khan-birth, a prince of the blood; WB III:1250 r6ra (Osm. Dsch. Uig.) Titel der Chanssoéhne,
der Prinz; MALOov, Uig. naretija, p. 186 16rd ruler, official, p. 187 trad prince. Normally this
word would be connected with fdr seat of honour, BROCKELMANN, p. 215 tér Ehrenplatz;
Drevnetjurkskij slovar’ p. 580 tér place of honour, térd do. or, value, importance; NAbuyip 313
tor place of honour; cf. further CLAUSON, p. 528 t6-r, 531 f6rii:. But the form turye instead of
ture leads me to another connection, to Mong. daruya~ dorya WB II1:1629 daruya (Osm.
Dsch.) 1. Der Chef eines Bezirks oder einer Stadt (Jarlyk des Kutluk-Temir). 2. ein Bezirksver-
walter (jetzt in Mittelasien); MENGES 714 dorya< mong. daruya Chef, Kommandant, Bevoll-
machtigter; DOERFER 1:319 dariiga<Mong.; cf. further RAQUETTE, Eine Kaschgarische Wakf-
Urkunde, p. 20 ... dem neuzeitlichen daruyg oder doroyg den man stets als offiziellen
Bedienten des Distriktsbeg und mit Stellung und Befugnis eines untergeordneten Polizeibeam-
ten antrifft.

7 her kisi lit everybody.

® clgekci with metathesis eglekéi J 39 eglik~ elgek bolter, flour-sieve; NADSIP 77 eglek sieve;
eglekci sieve-maker, 79 elgek v. eglek.

9 gaméi whip; here lash, whiplash.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 13

18. When they have saddled you you trot along. Have you perhaps been a
saddler?!°

19. That thing of yours'’ is coal-black? Have you perhaps been a coal-
dealer?!”

20. In your appearance you are just like'? an ass.

21. You do not ruminate.'* In your corner there is doubt about it.

22. When you get old the Abdals!* buy you.

23. With much tyranny they beat your back with the dumbal.'®

24. The beggars ride you (sitting) on a saddle-sack.

25. Your ambling'’ way of walking they call Chinese.

26. The horse-dealers look at your teeth having opened (your mouth).

27. If they do not buy you, you stroll about having shit on your thigh.

28. The camel much praised itself.

29. Having distinguished itself from the other (animals it said),

30. | am in this world a royal (person).

31. Iam faultless and beautiful and luminous like the moon.

32. | have strength like Rustam'® of the tale.

33. My appearance’? is like that of Sam and Nariman.”°

34, One name of mine is tive?! another one ustur.””

'0 mu ediy often contracted to mediy.

"' ol nemeg that thing of yours, hinting at the colour of the horse’s scrotum, cf. p. 17, n. 7.

2 kémici ~ kémiréi coal-dealer or, coal-miner.

"3 veli A. STEINGASS 1480 waliy, in P. also wali being near, neighbouring; synonymous with
mesli A. masl alike, resembling.

'4 kése evidently a play on words with kdse- to ruminate; kése P. gosha (STEINGASS 1104)
means an angle, corner. There may be some specific hidden meaning of kdSe, but I translate
“‘corner’’.

'S abda:l J 10 abda:|~ ebda:l Abdal, a tribe of beggars living in different parts of Eastern
Turkestan ...; LE Cog, Die Abdal (Baessler-Archiv. 2. 1912); Encyclopaedia of Islam, art.
Abdal.

'© dumba:| was described to me as a kind of kaltek J 164 kaltak ~ kaltek a stick; NADJIP 453 has
dumbalimag to beat with one’s fists, which would presuppose a nomen dumbal ‘‘fist’’ which is
non-existent in Nadjip’s dictionary; Ujgursko-russkij slovar’, p. 62 has dumbalimag in the
meaning to beat, to flog, to whip, without qualification.

'7 juryula- cf. J 161 jury@ ambler, ambling.

8 Rustam, v. RyPKA, History of Iranian Literature. 1968, pass.

'9 raqquturuq an enigmatic word, in the ms. written D919 5 V where one normally would
have expected 3 instead of a3. My informant in Kashghar understood it Gy? $F A in
the modernized Arabic script, pronounced tegigurug and with the same meaning as qija:fet
appearance (STEINGASS 997 A. P. givdfa appearance etc.). In the Russko-ujgurskij slovar’
(Moskva 1956) p. 114 we have taSqi kériiniis appearance and the same in NADuIP, p. 276. This is
an understandable and logical form, but tagquturug ~ tegiquruq?

20 sa:m ve nari:ma:n STEINGASS 1396 narim, nariman name of a famous hero of Persia. son of
Qahraman, father of Sam. grandfather of Zal, and great-grandfather of Rustam:all champions in
the ancient Persian histories, poems, and romances.

21 tive alternating with toge ~ tiige ~ tiga.

22 ustur P.. STEINGASS 63 ushtur, 733 A. shutur camel.

14 GUNNAR JARRING

35. My fame is not hidden”? among the people.

36. My walk and my stature are delightful and beautiful

37. and my (way of) copulating”> by kneeling”* down.

38. If I get intoxicated, bending my body,

39. I sing airs, goggling my eyes.

40. Girls and mature women”° make eyes?’ at me.

41. They cry (in love) for me and tear their hearts in a hundred pieces.
42. When it comes to sharing the (day)light I have taken much.”®
43. When it has not reached them all they have looked stupid.”?
44. Now the camel (ended) its making (self)praise.

45. Now the turn came to the horse.

46. The horse said, ‘‘Now I] am going to speak.

47. Have you anything more to say? I shall listen.

48. You praised yourself, you with a bump” on (your) forehead!
49. Look! Now | shall praise and boast about myself.

50. (Oh!) Shameless one! God has stricken you with a black face.
51. The enemy of God has stricken (you) with a cleft lip.?!

52. Your food is hay or thorns.?”

53. Your habitat*? is with Chinese or Kalmucks.

54. The camel-drivers*’ put you to (carrying) firewood.

55. If you do not walk they hit your thigh with an axe.

56. They lead you with a shoe-string.*°

57. If you bellow they beat you again during the time*° when you bellow.
58. You have strength but you have neither brain nor wisdom.

23 mestu:r STEINGASS 1235 A. mastir covered, concealed etc.

4 J 162 jiurken-~jiukiin- to kneel, to go down on one’s knees.

25 ditka:n qur- lit. to open a shop, a euphemism for ‘‘to copulate’’, cf. p. 16, n. 2.

26 d3uvan J 97 dzuva-n~ d3uvan P. a woman who is thirty or more.

27 neza:re with the same meaning as nezr STEINGASS 1410 A. nazr looking at, gazing upon, and
1409 A. nazdra a walking and looking about.

28 because of the camel's size.

29 han 3.114 hay inh. baq- to be absent-minded, with further references; NADIIP 753 hayvag- to
gape.

*0 dokke a growth, protuberance or bump on the forehead, also according to MOEN a sprout on
a tree stump, but then written doqgga;; cf. further NApsIP 448 doga oblong head.

3! &a:k STEINGASS 386 p. chadk fissure, rupture, cleft, crack.

32 jantaq J 148 jantaq camel-thorn, thorn, SHAW II:226 ydntdq the Camel Plant, Alhagi mauro-
rum.

3 toprag lit. dust, earth, soil; here ‘‘habitat’’.

34 @a:veda:r here written ¢a:beda:r camel-driver, cameleer; cf. J 67 éavada:r<P. d3zalauda:-r
groom; Napyip 382 has éarva P. cattle and Carvici cattle-breeder; éarva is evidently a contrac-
tion of P. éaha:rpa: quadruped; it is possible that Cavada:r< ¢aha:rpa:da:r with the semantic
difference cattle-driver > camel-driver.

35 earug J 67 Garug ~ Corog ~ €ojoq a light boot to be fixed round the ankle-joint with a string —
here called bay.

% vayide.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 15

59. In your stomach there are sixteen litters’’ of excrements.

60. When you are thirsting your droppings grow hard.

61. In one day you can get twenty-five whiplashes.

62. Because of your obstinacy*® you make water on your (own) back.*”

63. That was a legacy to your whole family.

64. God the exalted has not created you calling you ‘‘cattle’’.”

65. It is unmusical,*' he said, and gave (you) no manner.*?

66. In the streets the children pursue you.

67. They (people) strike the crown of your head with poles and (thus)
improve it.

68. They (people) put burdens on your back, very heavy** burdens.

69. With many difficulties they make wounds” (on your back).

70. God the exalted has made me*> a noble (animal).

71. He has assigned*® me to kings and begs.*”

72. After he had created us we were given as presents to kings.

73. He (never) gave us to poor, wretched beggars.

74. If an arghumagq-horse* should come to these regions

75. who would reach the size (be rich enough) to pay its price!

76. Even if I had become the duldul*? of Ali°°

77. among the beasts of burden I shall remain the rose-bud.

3” zembel a litter consisting of a mat of plaited twigs (Civig) which is fastened to two parallel
poles. It is used for carrying e.g. earth, clay or mortar < P. STEINGASS 623 zambar (< zanbar) a
vessel in which they carry earth or clay: zambal (< zanbal) a leathern basket in which dirt or
rubbish is removed; NApu1P 474 zembil a plaited basket.

38 ka:d3liq<P. ka:d3 obstinate + T. -lig obstinacy.

3? an allusion to the camel’s strange way of urinating.

49 i.e. the camel is not ranged among maz.i cattle which the horse evidently considers to be a
special, fine category of animals.

‘' bedmuqam probably A. muqa:m a musical tone, i.e. ‘bad in music’, unmusical, alluding to
the camel's ugly cry.

42 sifet A. STEINGASS 788 sifat description, quality, attribute, mode, manner.

* besi iyir (< @yir) = bek wyir very heavy; besi < P. STEINGASS 184 bas very much etc. ...

“4 j?yir wound, especially on the back of pack-animals; Napuip 798 jeyir scratch, ulcer, sore,
places on the horse's back which are covered by wounds; BROCKELMANN 72 jayyr wunde
Stellen auf dem Riicken eines Tieres.

4 bizler pluralis majestatis for menni, i.e. the horse.

“© tarat- usually targat- J 296 to disperse, to scatter; probably tar'atqan for the sake of rhyme
with jar'atqan.

*” beg J 52 a native official, appointed by the Chinese local authorities ..., here it stands for a
highranking official in general.

48 aryumaq, written aryimag J 26 aryamaq~aymagq a special kind of horse; cf. Le Cog.
Sprichworter und Lieder, p. 8! a-ymag (ftir aryumdq) grosses Pferd (aus Badakhshan oder von
den Turkmenen).

4 duldul HUGHES, Dictionary of Islam, p. 101 The name of the Prophet's mule which he gave to
‘Ali; here the horse considers himself to be the du/dul, which corresponds to the popular belief
of its being a horse, not a mule.

5° murteza: A. STEINGASS 1209 murtazé a title of ‘Ali.

HRDMmhrWN —

oo ~

13;
14.
15.
16.

B. A Fragment of the same munazara

Tuganin ogoyan bejti
tuga

. turuqum bar dur bir igiz taydek

. olturup qopusim seriy jaydek

. giz oyullar maga niza:ra qilur

. menin ocun jureklerini pa:ra qilur

. xoS ed3a:ip turur menin manis turuSum
, jukunup olturup duka:n qurusum

at

. kalpukun bar dur bir jerim Carek
. qujruquy bar dur tort ilig ¢arek

. otunciler senni otanye salur

10.
It.
12.

manmasap paltu bilen lotanye salur
ussuluqtin qurup qalur majaqin
kunde bar dur lotanye beS tajaqin
tuga

senni miner elgek¢i bilen qelenderler
manmasay bazaryez szlip sataj derler
igerigni judup turup sen igerci medin
taSliqin qara turedur komur¢i medin

The Verse Which the Camel Recited

The camel:

1

Rin & WwW

. My shape is like that of a high mountain.
2

(My movements) when I kneel down or when I rise are like those of
boiled butter.!

. Girls and boys inspect me (admiringly).

. Because of me they break their hearts (their hearts are broken).
. Wonderfully beautiful is my gait and posture,

_ and my way of copulating kneeling down on my knees.”

' seriy jay cf. Napsip 774 serig jay boiled butter.
2 dika:n qurus cf. A 374+n. 25.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 17

The horse:

7. Your lips weigh half a charek?

8. but your tail is only four inches‘ of a charek.

9. The woodmen use you for carrying wood.

10. If you do not move they hit your legs with an axe.
11. Because of thirst your droppings become dry.°
12. Daily they hit your thighs® with sticks five times.

The camel:

13. Beggars and sieve-makers ride you.

14. If you do not move they say that they are going to take you to the bazar
and sell you.

15. You have taken a saddle on your back — were you a saddler, I wonder?

16. Your scrotum’ is black — were you (once) a coal-dealer, 1 wonder?®

3 éarek <P. éar-jek one fourth, also J 66 carek a quarter, a weight = 8.96 kg.

4 ilig ~ ilik J 140 finger, also used as a measurement, corresponding roughly to ‘inch’.
5 J 256 quru- ~ quij- to dry.

© Jota thigh, in Khotan; otherwise jota ~ d3ota, cf. J 159 jote, 184 lo-ta.

7 tasliq lit. supplied with stones = scrotum.

8 mediy ~ mu edin.

Additional Notes on ‘‘The Contest of the Fruits’’
(Lund 1936)

When in 1936 1 published the Eastern Turki mive d3ey kita:b ‘‘The Book of
the Contest of the Fruits’’ I was unaware of the existence of another Eastern
Turki manuscript of the same content and with the title hikajeti mi:veha:
‘The Story of the Fruits’’. It was contained in a collection of Eastern Turki
poetry in the Le Cog collection of the Oriental Commission of the Prussian
Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Most likely it was acquired by Le Cog in the
northern parts of Sinkiang, perhaps in the Turfan area. According to a black
and white photostatic copy which is in my possession this version of ‘‘The
Contest of the Fruits’’ was written (copied) on the 10th of Ramazan in the
year 1299, i.e. on the 26th of July 1882. From the point of view of contents it
follows in general that of my published manuscript but differs considerably
in detail.

As my photostatic copy is unclear and not supplied with any data as to its
place in the Le Cog collection I addressed myself to my colleague Professor
Georg Hazai in order to get a new and clearer copy of the manuscript. By
letter, dated November 21, 1978, Professor Hazai informed me that the
manuscript could not be found and that there was reason to suspect that it
might have been lost during the World War II years. Furthermore there
existed no catalogue of the manuscripts of the Le Coq collection. At present
in any case there seems to be no possibility of recovering these Eastern
Turki manuscripts.

According to a note I have made there existed another manuscript in the
same collection, called hikajeti ta’amha: *‘The Story of the (different)
Dishes’’ which I suspect may also be a munazara. The writer of copyist of
the manuscript is one Molla Mahmud (molla mahmu:d).

Glossary

abda:! A. Abdal, a tribe of beggars A 22+ n.
15

ac- to open A 26

ajir- to distinguish A 29

al- to take A 42; to buy A 22, 27

alte six; on alte sixteen A 59

ayla- to listen A 47

ara among A 35, 77

aryumag arghumag, a kind of horse A 74 +n.
48

arqa back A 62

art- to load; untranslated A 24

at name A 34; horse A 1, 6, 45, 46; B7

atquéci cotton-worker A 11 +n. 5

@ed3a:ip A. wonderful A 4; wonderfully B 5

@yir heavy A 68 +n. 43; cf. iyir

eql A. brain A 58

@ziz A. noble A 70

ehl A. people A 16

ej Oh! A 6

elgekéi sieve-maker A 14+n. 8; B13

bay string; Caruq b.i shoe-string A 56+ n. 35

baha: P. price, value A 75

bala child A 66; b. barga family A 63

baq- to look A 7, 26; to care for A 16; to try A
17; hay b. to look stupid A 43 +n. 29

ba:r~ bar there is, is; pass.

barée all A 3, 43

barqa v. bala

basqa other A 29

bazar P. bazar B 14

bed P. bad; b.muqa:m unmusical A 65 +n.
41

bek very A 68 n. 43

besi P. very A 68+n. 43

bedik horse-dealer A 26

beg Beg A 71+n. 47

bejt A. verse B 1

bel P. body A 38

ber- to give A 73

bes five B 12; jigerme b. twenty-five A 61

bi P. without; bihaja: shameless A 50; bi-
qusu:r faultless A 31!

bilen with A 23, 69; B 10; and A 14; B 13

bir one pass.; once A 17

birle with A 55; and A 1; neither-nor A 58

birlen with A 67

biz we A 704+n. 45

bol- to be A 3, 4; to get A 38; to become A 76

bu this A 30, 74; bu kin today A7

éay P. time A 57 +n. 36

éa:k P. fissure; cleft A 51+n. 31

€ap- to bolt A 13

Carek P. one fourth. quarter B 7, 8+n. 3

€aruq a light boot, shoe A 56 +n. 35

Caveda:r P. camel-driver A 54+n. 34

éekCejt- to goggle A 39

Cirajliq P. T. beautiful A 31, 36

cié- to shit A 27

€oy big A 8

€oqa crown of the head A 67

da:nig P. wisdom A 58

dayla- to boast (about something) A 49

da:sta:n P. tale A 32

de- v. de-

de- to say A 6, 17: B 14 (de-); to call A 25, 64

dija:r A. region A 74

dokke bump A 48 +n. 30

duldul A. name of *Ali’s mule A 76+ n. 49

dumba:l a kind of stick A 23 +n. 16

dur ~ durr is pass.

duka:n A. P. shop: d. qurus- to copulate A
37+n. 25; B6

dusmen P. enemy A 51

d3efa: A. tyranny A 23

d3eha-n P. world A 30

d3emi A. all, whole; d3. bol- to get together
A3

d3ey P. fight, dispute A 4

d3zota thigh B 10 n. 6; cf. jota, lota

d3uva-:n P. mature woman A 40+n. 26

e- to be A 18, 19; em'es is not A 35, 64, 65

eger P. if A 74

emdi now pass.

et- to do, to make pass.

faqir A. poor A 73

ferg A. difference, distinction A 10

geda: P. beggar A 73

20 GUNNAR JARRING

gul P. rose A 77

yezel A. song, air A 39

yunce P. rose-bud A 77

haja: A. shame; bih. shameless A 50

hay: h. bag- \o look stupid A 43 +n. 29

hezret A. holy A2

hedd A. size AY

hejva:n A. animal A 3

her P. every A 15; h. kisi everybody, people
A 12 +n. 7; A. qaéan always A 8

xada P. pole A 67

x@lq A. people A 35

xitaj Chinese A 25, 53

xos P. delightful A 36; beautiful B 5

xuda: P. God A 50

xurd3zin saddle-sack A 24

iyir heavy A 68+n. 43; cf. eyir

iger saddle A [8; B 15

igerci saddler A 18; B 15

igiz high B 1

ile and A 13

ilig finger, also a measurement = inch B 8+
n.4

ira:q A. Iraq A 13

igek ass A 20

ja: P.or A 11

Jay fat, butter B 2

Jantaq thorn A 52+n. 32

jaq- to be agreable A 17

Jarat- to create A 64, 72; to make A 70

Jeis food A $2

Jene more A 47; again A 57; j. bir another A
34

Jerim half B 7

Jet- to reach, to come A 45; to be enough A 75

Jiyil- to be assembled A 3

Jiyir wound A 69 +n. 44

Jtyla- to cry A 41

Jigerme twenty; j. bes twenty-five A 6!

jog there is not A 58

Jota thigh A 27, 55; B 10 n. 6; cf. dzora, lota

jotele- to lead A 56

Juqari up, above; j. oltur- to ride A9

juryula- to amble A 25+n. 17

Jud- to load, to saddle A 18; to take (on one’s
back) B 15

juk burden A 68

Jukin- to kneel; j.ap oltur- to kneel down A
37 +n. 24; B6

Jur- to trot along A 18; to stroll about A 27

jurck heart A 41; B4

juz face A 50

ka:d3liq P. T. obstinacy A 62 +n. 38

kalpuk \ip B7

kel- to come A 45, 74; to reach A 43

kiencl. A 46

kim who A 75

kisi someone, people; her k. everybody, peo-
ple A 12+n.7

koée P. street A 66

komiuéi v. komuréi

komiuréi ~ kémuéi coal-dealer A 19+n. 12: B
16

kon leather A 6 n. 3

kép much A 23, 28; many A 69

kése P. corner A 21 +n. 14

k6Se- to ruminate A 21+n. 14

kézeye A 39

kué strength A 32, 58

kin day A 61; kitnde daily B 12; bir kitni one
day A 2; bu kuin today A 7; of kiuni on that
day A 4; kiuuni qaq a dark day A 6+n. 3

leb P. lip A 51

lota thigh B 10, 12+n. 6; ef. d3orta, jota

ma:hi P. luminous like the moon A 31

majaq the camel's droppings A 60; B 11

ma:l A. cattle A 64+n. 40

mane look! A 49

ma:ndan P. to remain A 77

may- to walk A 25, 55; to move B 10, 14

mayi§s ~ meyis (<may-) walk A 36; gait B 5

magylaj forehead A 48

men | pass.

meni§ Vv. manis

merkeb A. beast of burden A 77

mesli A. like A 20+n. 13

mest P. intoxicated A 38

mestu:r A. hidden A 35 +n. 23

min- to ride A 14, 17, 24; B 13

mira:s A. legacy A 63

miskin A. wretched A 73

mu term of interrogation A 18, 19+n. 10, 47:
more A 47; contracted mediy B 15, 16+n.
8

muqa:m A. a musical tone; bedm. unmusical
A 65+n. 41

murteza: A. a title of ‘Ali A 76+n. 50

museqgqet A. difficulty A 69

mukéeit- (< mukée et- 7) to bend, to twist A
38

nari:ma:n P. Nariman A 33 +n. 20

neza:re A. a looking about; n. gil- to make
eyes at A 40+n. 27: cf. niza-ra

ne what? A9

neme some; bir n.+neg. verb nothing A 17;
ol n.y that thing of yours A 19+n. II

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 21

niza-:ra A. inspection; n. qil- to inspect B 3;
cf. neza-re

nobet A. turn A 45

nur A. light A 42

oyul boy B 3

ol that A 4, 19

oltur- to sit down, to kneel down B 2; jugari
o. to ride A 9; jukiiniip o. to kneel down A
37; B6

on ten A 15; on alte sixteen A 59

oyla- to improve A 67

oqo- to recite B 1; cf. oqu-

oqu- to sing A 39; cf. ogo-

otan wood B 9; firewood A 54

otunci woodman B 9

Olestir- to share A 42

6z self pass.

pa:diga:h P. king A 71, 72

pa:-diga:hi P. royal A 10

paltu axe A 55; B 10

pa:ra P. piece; p. qil- to break B 4; cf. pa-re

pa:re P, piece A 41; p. qil- to tear in pieces A
41

pateci P. T. shepherd A I1

pican hay A 52

pog excrements A 59

gqacéan when; her g. always A 8

qadem. A. step A 15

qal- to remain, to stay: as an auxiliary A 43,
60; B 11; untranslated A 47, 63

galmaq Kalmuck A 53

gamci whip, lash A 15+n. 9

qap in qap qara coal-black A 19

qaq dry; difficult; kimi g. luckless one! A
6+n. 3

qara black A 50; B 16; gap q. coal-black A 19

qat- to grow hard: q. ip qgal- to grow hard A 60

qeder A. size A 75

qelender A. beggar A 24; B 13

q@ri- to get old A 16, 22

qija:fet A. appearance A 33 n. 19

qil- to do, to make pass.
qilin- to be made A 72
qgimet A. price A 75

qiz girl A 40; B 3

qoyla- to pursue A 66
qoj- to put A 68

qgojci shepherd A 14
qop- to rise B 2

qorsaq stomach A 59
qujrug tail B 8

qur- to establish A 37+n. 25

quru- to dry B 11+n. 5

qurus an establishing together; duka:n q.
copulation B 6+n. 2

qusu:r A. fault; big. faultless A 31

quvvet A. power A 10

rey P. colour; reyarey all kinds of things A 5

ru:m Constantinople A 13

rustem P. Rustam A 32+n. 18

sal- to put A 54; to take B 14; to hit A 55; B
10; oftany@ s. to use for carrying wood B 9

sa:m P. Sam A 33 +n. 20

Sat- to sell B 34

s@riy yellow B 2; s. jay boiled butter B 2+

n. i

sed P. a hundred A 41

SEN you pass.

sifet A. manner A 65 +n. 42

sij- to make water A 62

soret A. appearance A 20

sdz word A 47; s. qil- to speak A 46

sOzles- to converse A 1, 5

silejma:n A. Solomon A 2 +n. |

Sa:hi P. royal A 30

Sa:m Damascus A 13

Sa:ne A. dignity, power; §. fefket pomp and
splendour, rich splendour A 7+n. 4

Sefket A. dignity, power; §a:ne §. rich splen-
dour A7+n. 4

Sek A. doubt A 21

Sohret A. fame A 35

tay mountain B |

tajaq whip, whiplash A 61; stick A 12: B 12

taqquturug appearance A 33+n. 19

tarat- to assign A 71 +n. 46

taSliq scrotum B !6+n. 7

tea:la A. exalted; reyri t. God the exalted A
64, 70

teri:p A. praise, self-praise A 44; 1. ef- to
praise A 44, 48, 49; 1. gil- to praise A 28

teyri God A 51; 1. t2a:la God the exalted A
64, 70

tegiquruq appearance A 33 n. 19

tif tooth A 26

tive camel A 1, 344n. 21: cf. tége, tiga, tige

tola much A 42

topraq earth, soil; habitat A 53+n. 33

toge camel A 6, 28; cf. tive. tinga, tuge

tohfe A. present A 72

tort four B 8

tur- to be, to become pass.

turye a title for a high official A 1) +n. 6

turug (< tur-) shape B 1

turus (< tur-) stature A 36: posture B 5

22 GUNNAR JARRING

tuga camel B 1, 12; cf. tive, topge, tiige uStur P. camel A 34+ n. 22
tuge camel A 44; cf. tive, tége, tiga uéiun for A 41; because of B 4
turfe A. a wonderful thing A 5+n. 2 vaqira- to bellow A 57

uéa back pass. ve A. and A 43, 31, 33

ur- to beat pass.; to strike A 50, 51, 67 veja: A. or A 11, 52, 53

ussa- to thirst A 60 veli A. like A 20+n. 13

ussulug thirst B 1} zembel P. litter A 59+n. 37

List of References and Abbreviations

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BROCKELMANN, C., Osttiirkische Grammatik der islamischen Litteratursprachen Mittelasiens.
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CuHopzko, A., Specimens of the Popular Poetry of Persia ... London 1842.

CLAUSON = CLauson, G., An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish.
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ECKMANN, J., Die tschaghataische Literatur. (Philologiae turcicae fundamenta. T. 2. Wies-
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Fundamenta = Philologiae turcicae fundamenta ... 1-2. Wiesbaden 1959-1964.

GABAIN, Annemarie von, Neu-uigurische Literatur. (Turcica. Revue d'études turques. T. 12.
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Gips, E. J. W., A History of Ottoman Poetry. Vol. 1-6. London 1900-1909.

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HAMMER-PURGSTALL, J., Geschichte der osmanischen Dichtkunst bis auf unsere Zeit. Mit einer
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Horman, H. F., Turkish Literature. A Bio-bibliographical Survey. Section III. Part 1. Vol.
1-6. Utrecht 1969.

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Istorija literatur narodov Srednej Azii i Kazakhstana. Moskva 1960.

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yayinlari-sayi: 191. Ankara 1962, pp. 267-287).

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arssknift. N. F. Avd. 1. Bd 56. Nr. 4).

24 GUNNAR JARRING

JARRING, G., Gustaf Raquette and Qasim Akhun’s Letters to Kamil Efendi. Ethnological and
Folkloristic Materials from Southern Sinkiang. Edited and Translated with Explanatory
Notes. Lund 1975. (Scripta minora Regiae Societatis humaniorum /itterarum Lundensis
1975-1976:1).

- Literary Texts from Kashghar. Edited and Translated with Notes and Glossary. Lund 1980.
(Acta Regiae Societatis humaniorum litterarum Lundensis LXXIV).

- The Contest of the Fruits. An Eastern Turki Allegory. Lund 1936. (Lunds Universitets
arsskrift N. F. Avd. 1. Bd 32. Nr 4).

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(Acta Universitatis Lundensis. Sectio 1:4).

al-Kisal, The Tales of the Prophets. Translated from the Arabic With Notes by W. M.
THACKSTON, Jr. Boston 1978. (Library of Classical Arabic Literature. Vol. II).

KISSLING, H. J., Der Wettstreit der Genussgifte. Bemerkungen zu einem tiirkischen Kunstmar-
chen. (Asien. Tradition und Fortschritt. Festschrift fiir Horst HAMMITZSCH zu seinem 60.
Geburtstag. Herausgegeben von Lydia BRULL und Ulrich KEMPER. Wiesbaden 1971, pp.
285-294).

Le Cog, A. v., Die Abdal. (Baessler-Archiv. 2. Leipzig—Berlin 1912, pp. 221-243).

— Sprichworter und Lieder aus der Gegend von Turfan. Mit einer dort aufgenommenen
Worterliste. Leipzig und Berlin 1911. (Baessler- Archiv. Beiheft 1).

- Von Land und Leuten in Ostturkistan. Berichte und Abenteuer der 4. Deutschen Turfanex-
pedition. 2., uncvanderte Auflage. Leipzig 1928.

Lexikon der islamischen Welt. 1-3. Stuttgart 1974.

LitrmaNn, E., Ein tirkisches Streitgedicht tiber die Ehe. (A Volume of Oriental Studies
Presented to Edward G. BROwne on his 60th Birthday (7 February 1922). Edited by T. W.
ARNOLD and Reynold A. NICHOLSON. Cambridge 1922, pp. 269-284).

MALOv, S. E. Ujgurskie nare¢ija Sin’czjana. Teksty, perevody, slovar’. Moskva 196}.

MANSUROGLU, M., Turkish Literature through the Ages (with Bibliography). (Central Asiatic
Journal. Vol. [X:2 1964, pp. 81-112).

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baden 1955. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Abhandlungen der geistes-
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Ottoman Literature. The Poets and Poetry of Turkey. Translated from the Arabic with Intro-
duction and Biographical Notes by E. J. W. Gips. With Arabian, Persian, and Hebrew
Poems, and a Special Introduction by Theodore P. Ion. New York & London 1901.

RAQUETTE, G., Eastern Turki Grammar. Practical and Theoretical with Vocabulary. P. 1-3.
Berlin 1912-1914. (Mitteilungen des Seminars fiir Orientalische Sprachen. Jahrg. 15~17. Abt.
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— Eine Kaschgarische Wakf-Urkunde aus der Khodscha-Zeit Ost-Turkestans. Lund & Leipzig
1930. (Lunds Universitets arsskrift. N. F. Avd. 1. Bd 26. Nr 2).

— Taji bila Zohra. Eine osttiirkische Variante der Sage von Tahir und Zohra. Lund & Leipzig
1930. (Lunds Universitets arsskrift. N. F. Avd. |. Bd 26. Nr 6).

Russko-ujgurskij slovar’. Sostavili A. ILiEV, 8. Kipirov, M. RuzieviJu. CUNVAZO. Pod red. T.
R. RAKHIMOVA. Moskva 1956.

Rustamov, E. R. Uzbekskaja poezija v pervoj polovine XV veka. Pod redakciej E. E.
BERTEL'SA. Moskva 1963. (Akademija nauk SSSR. Institut narodov Azii. Akademija nauk
Uzbekskoj SSR. Institut jazyka i literatury im. A. S. PuSkina).

RypkA, J., History of Iranian Literature. Edited by Karl JAHN, Dordrecht 1968.

SHAW, R. B., A Sketch of the Turki Language as spoken in Eastern Turkistan (Kashghar and
Yarkand). With lists of names of birds and plants by J. ScuLty. P. 1-2. (Journal of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. Vol. 46-47. Calcutta 1877-80).

Sobranie vostotnykh rukopisej Akademii nauk Uzbekskoj SSR. T. 1-9. TaSkent 1952-1971.

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURKI 25

STEBLEVA, J. V. Poetika drevnetjurkskoj literatury i ee transformacija v ranne-klassiteskij
period. Moskva 1976.

~ Razvitie tjurkskikh poeti¢eskikh form v XI veke. Moskva 1971.

STEINGASS = STEINGASS, F., A Comprehensive Persian—English Dictionary. 4th impr. London
1957.

ToGAN, Z. V., Zentralasiatische tirkische Literaturen. II. Die islamische Zeit. (Handbuch der
Orientalistik ... Abt. 1, Bd 5, Abschnitt 1, Leiden/K6ln 1963, pp. 229-249).

Ujgursko-russkij slovar’. Pod red. S. KipiROvVA i Ju. CUNVAZO. Alma-Ata 1961.

Uzbek Poetry. Moscow 1958. (Oriental Literature Publishing House).

WaGneR, E., Die arabische Rangstreitdichtung und ihre Einordnung in die allgemeine Litera-
turgeschichte. Mainz 1962. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Abhandlungen
der Geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse. Jahrgang 1962. Nr 8).

WB = Rap orr, W., Versuch eines Worterbuches der Tiirk-Dialecte. Bd 1-4. St. Petersburg
1893-1911.

A. = Arabic P. = Persian T. = Turkic

Facsimile of Text A

Bb Ipralidyteby ob aes
ot stip W Lael pbb bio
JL Sei alie lols rnney Bitirty
i oe ee blots Ly sy Agi,
ast gu Lge) GION SEUSS
ob re po Lb J SL kbosl tl tales th
J Gilg l bslys bays py fbuyufin Ls
Billy Ng ersb— ey, ay abi sige ls
ale drfonlpslis * brig nah ler
Lyi al LE {yn Let wane S912) Lipo
Jlasryyrbs Isbb sou inf J In) guile Ww?
Meas b> 3 & i. Ay Wy hy etl og
—fligan LA iwLe
ice) Giliygey eae ile 0

Lt ee Yes
a4 Lipase le pps) giv
Ly! NE Bye
Pvp re rpbley ly
ay Yb psaiud

J a Laodche — bs Sgn
OLS Sore l sWeden

4 bush gM Gy

2 Ley L why ysis |
A Lp - J JI) L ee
Peay 9s “ly
Bie bunches
ibis Ly c4
plies tly ys
CIN Go 26 by EDo hy)
Khe rols Siig

SOME NOTES ON EASTERN TURK] 27

cI) yl PG poe
a Wess nme Nd ri Sse
G UF Losi
ale fiz SghLout
Moot talon peal
dy) nde A Led Led
SE LIC ajuhca
ili belay
This ag iy, ie
HES as) SENS LLG
PMNS le Nein Sf
IEW Laker

2 wh lets, WL
Zs Wi be, kof

:
Kc L be elie

Sis Beli Se Sse b)
WiLL vs
YB asthe Sel plod
IL WG! eDarel
etl Gr by—dy
CAP reli fice
ies tie,
5b HA ey Legh V
Gilkey IKE
JU WL Saf
vet lest, WAZ
DINE Vp bl Shife
bioeol uch aherzh,
bMop iG led)
Jab el aly bgt

1.
2.
3.

awn —

Wh

1.

Scripta Minora 1965-1966

A. Thomson: Havdande under aktenskapslofte. En rattshistorisk studie. Zusammenfassung.
Berta Stjernquist: Models of Commercial Diffusion in Prehistoric Times.
Olof Pettersson: Mother Earth. An Analysis of the Mother Earth Concepts According to Albrecht

Dietrich.

Scripta Minora 1966-1967

. Evald Lévestam: Spiritus blasphemia. Eine Studie zu Mk 3,28 f par Mt 12,31 f, Lk 12,10.
. Arne Mintzing: Biological Points of View on Some Humanistic Problems.

. Birgit Borelius: Oscar Wilde, Whistler and Colours.

. Gudmund J. W. Smith: Psychology: A Scientific or Humanistic Endeavour?

Scripta Minora 1967-1968

. Einar Gjerstad: Martin P. Nilsson in memoriam —- Erik J. Knudtzon and Christian Callmer:

A Complete Bibliography.

. Christian Callmer: Kungl. Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet i Lund 1918-1968. Zusammen-

fassung.

Scripta Minora 1968-1969

. Specimens of Humanistic Research: Gustaf Aulén, The Image of God in Dag Hammarskjéld’s

Markings; Einar Gjerstad, The Humanities and Machines; Bertil Malmberg, Un demi-siécle de
recherche linguistique; Per Syernquist, Political Use of Legal Forms.

. Inger Rosengren: Inhalt und Struktur. Milti und seine Sinnverwandten im Althochdeutschen.
. Bo Seltén: Early East-Anglian Nicknames: ‘Shakespeare’ Names.

Scripta Minora 1969-1970
Brita Egardt: Akta makars fordel av oskiftat bo. En studie pa temat lag-sedvana. Zusammen-
fassung.

2-3. Sven Kjéllerstrém: Gustav Vasa, klockskatten och brytningen med Liibeck. Zusammen-

—_

—

fassung.

Scripta Minora 1970-197]

. Bertil Sundby: Front-Shifted ING and ED Groups in Present-Day English.
. Erik Rooth: Studien zu drei Adjektiven aus der althochdeutschen Frihzeit, (arundi, unmana-

lomi, widarzémi).

. Johannes Lindblom: Erwagungen zur Herkunft der Josianischen Tempelurkunde.

Scripta Minora 1971-1972

. Berta Stjernquist: Archaeological Analysis of Prehistoric Society.
. Albert Wifstrand: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, der letzte Athener. Ein Vortrag nebst einem

Nachwort von Christian Callmer und einer Wifstrand-Bibliographie von Sven G. Sjdberg.

. Berta Stjernquist: Technical Analysis as a Factor in Archaeological Documentation.

Scripta Minora 1972-1973

. Lennart Hakanson: Statius’ Thebaid. Critical and Exegetical Remarks.
. Christian Callmer: Abraham Fornander. Thirteen Letters to Erik Ljungstedt edited with Intro-

duction and Notes.

. Gunnar Jarring: A Tall Tale from Central Asia.

Scripta Minora 1973-1974

. Jerker Blomqvist: Der Hippokratestext des Apollonios von Kition.
. Alf Torp: Gamalnorsk ordavleiding. Nyutgava med rattelser och register ombesérjd av Gésta

Holm.

Scripta Minora 1974-1975

. Gert Jeppsson: Prastrelationerna fran Luggude och S. Asbo av ar 1624 utgivna med inledning

och noter.

. Staffan Fogelmark: Chrysaigis IG XII, v. 611.
. Bo Seltén: Early East-Anglian Nicknames. Bahuvrihi Names.

ans WN — wWwN— tr

—

Scripta Minora 1975-1976

. Gunnar Jarring:; Gustaf Raquette and Qasim Akhun’s Letters to Kamil Efendi. Ethnological

and Folkloristic Materials from Southern Sinkiang edited and translated with Explanatory Notes.

. Karin Carsten Montén: Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte Fredrika Bremers in Deutschland. Verlag,

Ubersetzung, Publikum.

Scripta Minora 1976-1977

. Lennart Hakanson: Silius Italicus. Kritische und exegetische Bemerkungen.
. Gillis Kristensson: Studies on the Early 14th-Century Population of Lindsey (Lincolnshire).
. Gudmund J. W. Smith and Anna Danielsson: From Open Flight to Symbolic and Perceptual

Tactics. A Study of Defense in Preschool! Children.

. Erik Rooth: Zum Darmstadter Gedicht ber das Weltende (Jiingstes Gericht).

Scripta Minora 1977-1978 in honorem Einari Gjerstad

. Maj & Christian Callmer: The Published Writings of Einar Gjerstad, 1962-1977. A Bibliography.
. Vassos Karageorghis: The Goddess with Uplifted Arms in Cyprus.
. Pdr Goran Gierow: Relative and Absolute Chronology of the Iron Age Culture of Latium in

the Light of Recent Discoveries.

. Paul Astrom: The Pera Bronzes.
. Berta Stjernquist: Roman Objects from the Equipment of a Scandinavian Warrior of the Second

Century A.D.

Scripta Minora 1978-1979 in memoriam Gustavi Aulén

. Birger Gerhardsson: Gustaf Aulén in memoriam.

2. Krister Gierow and Per Ekstrom: The Published Writings of Gustaf Aulén. A Bibliography.

NY —

. Per Erik Persson: The Unique Character of Christian Faith. The Relation between History and

Faith as a Problem in the Theology of Gustaf Aulén.

Carl-Gustaf Andrén: Renewal — A Central Concept in Gustaf Aulén’s Work with the Liturgy
in Theory and Practice.

Birger Gerhardsson: The Mighty Acts of Jesus according to Matthew.

Scripta Minora 1979-1980
Olof Arngart: The Proverbs of Alfred. An Emended Text.

. Birger Bergh: Palaeography and Textual Criticism.

Jerker Blomqvist: The Date and Origin of the Greek Version of Hanno’s Periplus. With an
Edition of the Text and a Translation.

Gunnar Jarring: Matters of Ethnological Interest in Swedish Missionary Reports from Southern
Sinkiang.

Scripta Minora 1980-1981
Sven Kjollerstrom: Sigfridslegenden.

. Gunnar Jarring: Some Notes on Eastern Turki (New Uighur) Munazara Literature.

a
Liber ISBN 91-40-04797-0